Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease is an infection of the tissues that
support your teeth. Your gum tissue is not attached to the teeth as high as
it may seem. There is a very shallow v-shaped crevice called a sulcus
between the tooth and gums. Periodontal diseases attack just below the gum
line in the sulcus, where they cause the attachment of the tooth and its
supporting tissues to break down. As the tissues are damaged, the sulcus
develops into a pocket: generally, the more severe the disease, the greater
the depth of the pocket.
Periodontal diseases are classified according to the severity of the
disease. The two major stages are gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis
is a milder and reversible form of periodontal disease that only affects the
gums. Gingivitis may lead to more serious, destructive forms of periodontal
disease called periodontitis.
Some factors increase the risk of developing
periodontal disease:
Tobacco smoking or chewing
Systemic diseases such as diabetes
Some types of medication such as steroids
Some types of anti-epilepsy drugs, cancer therapy drugs
Some calcium channel blockers and oral contraceptives
Bridges that no longer fit properly
Crooked teeth
Fillings that have become defective
Pregnancy or use of oral contraceptives
Several warning signs that can signal a problem:
Gums that bleed easily
Red, swollen, tender gums
Gums that have pulled away from the teeth
Persistent bad breath or bad taste
Permanent teeth that are loose or separating
Any change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite
Any change in the fit of partial dentures
It is possible to have periodontal disease and have no warning signs. That is one reason why regular dental checkups and periodontal examinations are very important. Treatment methods depend upon the type of disease and how far the condition has progressed. Good oral hygiene at home is essential to help keep periodontal disease from becoming more serious or recurring. You dont have to lose teeth to periodontal disease. Brush, clean between your teeth, eat a balanced diet, and schedule regular dental visits for a lifetime of healthy smiles.